Development of Primary Health Organizations in New Zealand

Advancement of Primary Health Organizations in New Zealand Body The conveyance of human services administrations to the individuals in each country had consistently been an issue for the legislature considering there are a great deal of components influencing its conveyance. New Zealand is a case of an administration which conveys human services to its residents and changeless inhabitants through open sponsorships and private protection. Indeed, even with the assistance of private protection, there still exist various issues looked by the legislature. These issues rotate in the accessibility and availability of social insurance administrations. New Zealand has its interests and these boundaries to human services can be classified into four: financial hindrances, usage and financial status, transaction of material, social and geographic variables, and the suggestions for the more extensive wellbeing framework (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). These components have had a ramifications in the molding of the national social insurance strategy. The social and monetary disparity inside New Zealand has extend significantly, hence new activities have been made to address such issues. The administration has taken in its exercises from the past wellbeing framework and is presently experiencing consistent changes and upgrades. The approach planned is presently progressively centered around helpful over serious models of administration arrangement and giving accentuation on the conveyance of essential consideration as the key in accomplishing its objective of wellbeing for all and as an indication of generally speaking improvement in the wellbeing framework (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). Ref: Barnett, R., Barnett, P. (April 3, 2003). Essential Health Care in New Zealand: Problems and Policy Approaches. Recovered from https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/distributions assets/diaries and-magazines/social-approach diary/spj21/21-essential human services in-new-zealand-pages49-66.html Proof of New Zealand’s endeavors to grow better impartial strategies was the usage of New Zealand Health Strategy and Primary Health Care Strategy (Minister of Health, 2001). The previous had foreseen new game plans and have picked area wellbeing sheets (DHBs) to execute these new strategies. Inside the contract of DHBs is the Primary Health Care Strategy (later) that recommends new authoritative structures. This recently proposed structure is known as essential wellbeing associations (PHOs), to take care of issues identifying with openness and accessibility in the arrangement of human services administrations. In addition, essential wellbeing associations address the absence of co-appointment between wellbeing suppliers. Despite the fact that the area wellbeing sheets (DHBs) are entrenched and setting up of Primary wellbeing associations is working out in a good way, there still lies vulnerability about accomplishing value in the arrangement of wellbeing (Barnett R. what's mo re, Barnett P. 2003). Financial Barriers to Primary Health Care in New Zealand Much the same as in numerous other created nations, the financial rebuilding in New Zealand and the abolishment government assistance state had prompted the expansion occurrence of destitution (Waldegrave et al. 1995, Jamieson 1998) and financial incongruities in wellbeing (Ministry of Health, 2000). Before all else with the enactment of Social Security in 1938, clinical administrations have been given as liberated from administration to the individuals through government endowments. In any case, it is likewise evident that the endowments didn't cover 100% of the absolute expense of patient consideration. From the start the impact to the majority was minor during 1970s where there is â€Å"long boom† of success in New Zealand. On the other hand, in 1980 the use of the GP and other wellbeing administrations from the ethnic gatherings, including the positive class are reducing because of the monetary rebuilding and developing expense of specialist charges (Gribben 1992, Barnett and Kearns 1996). Usage and Socio-Economic Status The usage of wellbeing administrations as indicated by financial status is blended in New Zealand. An ongoing overview from the National Health Survey 1996/97 (Ministry of Health 1999) reports that individuals with low-pay status are bound to have a higher recurrence of visits to General Practitioner than families from an increasingly rich zones or individuals with a higher salary. Be that as it may, the outcomes from the review shows that individuals living in a less wealthy region have a late looking for conduct and less visits to GPs on account of cost. Key outcomes from the study are as per the following: Individuals had kept on communicating their disappointment towards the expense of GP charges. The level of patients who considered the GPs charge costly as â€Å"too high† or â€Å"far too high† rose from 32.3% to 68.3% from individuals paying $10 †$14 and $15 $19 and some rose to 90% from individuals paying $25 or more (Fergusson et al. 1989). Patients with budgetary challenges in getting wellbeing administrations select to have various methodologies, both dynamic and latent, for example, late looking for conduct of care, delay in acquiring prescription and looking for money related assistance from GPs (Barnett R. also, Barnett P. 2003). Patients much of the time change their primary care physicians in any event, when they don’t need to. The presentation of Community Service Card (CSC) in 1992 is moderately ineffectual in getting to the wellbeing arrangement of care. There is an elevated level of neglected need among CSC populace. The explanation behind a rising neglected needs among the populace bunch was somewhat because of low utilization by those entitled and the shame appended to it (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). Transaction of Material, Cultural and Geographic Factors Low use of wellbeing administrations corresponding to wellbeing needs can't be appended to cost alone. As per Barnett et al. (2003) it is likewise a result of the interchange of elements; material, social and geographic variables. It was demonstrated in a study that Mã„⠁ori and low-pay New Zealanders have a low pace of GP use given that the focuses where set up to offer support in a low-pay populace. The wellbeing communities were there to improve access to want to Mã„⠁ori and low-pay masses. The expense for the arrangement of administration was decreased when contrasted with the normal expense. It was clear in the overview that monetary boundary was not the explanation but instead social qualities and desires just as the advantages from the administrations rendered (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). It is additionally imperative to think about the geographic factors in understanding the degrees of GP use. There is a solid connection among separation and examples of utilization in both medical clinic and GP administrations; it is likewise to be expected that there is a sub example to it. Individuals with more unfortunate populace have a 30% less consumption or spending plan in wellbeing when contrasted with the wealthy populace with 40% over financing as processed by the Health Funding Authority (Malcolm 1998b). It shows that the basing on the spending plan in every district, the quantity of GP accessible is likewise reliant on the financial plan, in this manner with low spending comes less number of accessible GP and wellbeing focuses while territories with higher spending comes a bigger number of GPs accessible (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). Suggestions for the more extensive wellbeing framework New Zealand research had been centered around the various examples in GP and hospitalization use. Be that as it may, there is additionally another explanation that can be credited to the low wellbeing status among low-salary populace in the entrance of medicinal services administrations. There is a connection between tolerant affirmation and normal length of emergency clinic remain. Decreasing the normal length of stay contributes in the expanded pace of readmissions inside poor people (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). One factor that may have an impact in the pace of readmissions among the poor is that the entrance to essential consideration is forestalled by conditions, for example, separation, cost and accessibility of the administration itself. It is said that the significance of essential consideration is extraordinary in diminishing or constraining hospitalization (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). Essential Health Organization Model To address the issues New Zealand has in the conveyance of human services and to give value to every single, new activity were made. The improvement of essential consideration associations (PHOs) made new systems for wellbeing administration conveyance and a road for change. Not just it includes the general professional and the network however it incorporates a wide assortment of wellbeing suppliers to accomplish the objective of giving value in the entrance of human services arrangement. PHOs are a wide based association contained numerous essential consideration suppliers. These suppliers incorporate birthing assistants, iwi gatherings, and non-government associations beside General Practitioners. The new framework is privately based, reserves were registered through the influenced populace and PHOs are given a significant job in defining new general wellbeing activities. Association with Mã„⠁ori and with Pacific people group is normal and where if necessary, Ethnic gathering portrayal in the administration is permitted (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). Expected Benefits of PHOs Upon the improvement of Primary Health Organizations, there are three possibilities benefits that can be picked up. One would be the probability of improving the populace wellbeing is higher when contrasted with previously, the pace of medical clinic affirmation will diminish and a strengthening to both the wellbeing suppliers and the purchaser. Albeit after the presentation of capitation, in itself, isn't a confirmation of an improved populace wellbeing and access to wellbeing. Nonetheless, there are proof guaranteeing that a nation with solid essential human services and a less hindrances to social insurance availability have a superior wellbeing results (Barnett R. what's more, Barnett P. 2003). A superior essential human services have another preferred position of conceivably decreasing the pace of confirmations in clinics. It is a significant factor in deciding wellbeing results in New Zealand, given the case that it has a high pace of emergency clinic affirmations. With higher pace of confirmations implies higher medical clinic use for the administration. Despite the fact that, there is no reasonable

Alloy Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Amalgam Definition and Examples in Chemistry An amalgam is a substance made by softening at least two components together, in any event one of them metal. A composite takes shape after cooling into a strong arrangement, blend, or intermetallic compound. The segments of amalgams can't be isolated utilizing a physical methods. A combination is homogeneous and holds the properties of a metal, despite the fact that it might incorporate metalloids or nonmetals in its piece. Exchange Spellings: composites, alloyed Combination Examples Instances of combinations incorporate hardened steel, metal, bronze, white gold, 14k gold, andâ sterling silver. In spite of the fact that exemptions exist, most compounds are named for their essential or base metal, with a sign of different components arranged by mass percent. Employments of Alloys Over 90% of metal utilized is as amalgams. Compounds are utilized in light of the fact that their concoction and physical properties are prevalent for an application than that of the unadulterated component segments. Run of the mill upgrades incorporate erosion obstruction, improved wear, uncommon electrical or attractive properties, and warmth opposition. Different occasions, composites are utilized on the grounds that they hold the key properties of part metals, yet are more affordable. Model Alloys Steel: the name given to an amalgam of iron with carbon, as a rule with different components, for example, nickel and cobalt. Different components add an ideal quality to the steel, for example, hardness or pliable strength.Stainless Steel: another iron amalgam, which normally contains chromium, nickel, and different components to oppose rust or corrosion.18k Gold: this is 75% gold. Different components regularly incorporate copper, nickel, or zinc. This combination holds the shading and shine of unadulterated gold, yet is more enthusiastically and more grounded, improving it appropriate for jewelry.Pewter: an amalgam of tin, with different components, for example, copper, lead, or antimony. The combination is flexible, yet more grounded than unadulterated tin, in addition to it opposes the stage change of tin that can cause it to disintegrate at low temperatures.Brass: a blend of copper with zinc and some of the time different components. Metal is hard and strong, making it appropri ate for plumbing installations and machined parts.Sterling Silver: is 92.5% silver with copper and different metals. Alloying silver makes it harder and increasingly strong, despite the fact that the copper will in general lead to greenish-dark oxidation (discolor). Electrum: Some combinations, similar to electrum, happen normally. This composite of silver and gold was exceptionally prized by antiquated man.Meteoritic Iron: While shooting stars may comprise of any number of materials, some are common amalgams of iron and nickel, with extraterrestrial starting points. These combinations were utilized by antiquated societies to make weapons and tools.Amalgams: These are mercury compounds. The mercury makes the composite much like a glue. Amalgams might be utilized inâ dental fillings, with the mercury flawless, albeit another utilization is to spread the amalgam and afterward heat it to disintegrate the mercury, leaving a covering of another metal.

Visit to the Library

Visit to the Library Visit to the Library Home›Informative Posts›Visit to the Library Informative PostsThe name of the library that I visited at down town of Los Angeles is referred to as the Central library. It is located at 630 W 5th street in Los Angeles. The library was originally set up in 1926 of which, has been known to be amongst the top three largest libraries in US.   The library serves everybody hence, it may be considered to be a public library.The library operates from 10 am to 8 pm on Tuesdays and on Thursdays. On Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, the library operates from 10 am to 5 .30 pm. The library does not operate on public holidays. The library has a variety of materials which are accessible. Some of the materials that the library possess include: Books and journals, Indexes and the abstracts, CD ROMS and internet, newspapers, audio and video cassettes, Braille, microfilms and slides, photographs and posters, and finally the thesis and dissertations.Capital library offers vario us facilities and services to its users. There is a computer centre where the locals and foreign users may access the internet and, do research work or get informed. There is a section that has the depository section where, the government documents are secured. When an individual wants to get informed about government policies and projections, it is at this section that would suffice the purpose. There is electronic information that concerns high school matters. There is also a language learning centre. This section has resources from various linguistic backgrounds. Foreigners find this section vital more so in boosting their language. In addition, the natives who may want to learn other languages often visit this section. There is also a low vision centre where individuals who are visual impaired may be assisted. This section has sophisticated equipments that enhance their readability or, gives them alternative options.The library also offers lending services where individuals may borrow a book for certain duration of time depending on the availability of the book. There are also catalogues which are located that eases the process of identification of the books or the materials required. These catalogues are in electronic and manual forms. In addition there are photocopying services which is being offered. Adult literacy is being offered to give a chance for those adults that are illiterate to gunner some knowledge.Capital library also possesses electronic resources and databases such as; the Access science where by the users are able to access online versions of materials such as the MC-Graw-Hill, the science and technology encyclopedias the research updates and the famous year books. There are also database such as the African American and their experiences and the access of the news papers. This library uses online system to administer most of its services. The availability of computers is widely noticed when one enters the library. The library seems to ha ve an organized system and the operation is smooth. Despite the large number of user, services are delivered smoothly without causing commotion. One thing that fascinated me was the provision for volunteering services where the volunteers are given an option of interacting with various users to learn their cultures. There are also taken to various parts of the state to gather information to be stored in the library.The service that this library seems to lack is a translator. I think a translator who understands the major world languages would suffice well to the users. Another option can be to have electronic translators that user may use to guide them. This may greatly assist the foreigners who may not understand the language of that particular region. Indeed, Capital library is a nice place to be when one wants to gunner general knowledge.

How to Overcome Math Anxiety

Do you feel a little flushed when you think about doing math homework? Do you think youre no good at math? If you find yourself putting off your math work or dreading math tests, you may suffer from math anxiety. What Is Math Anxiety? Math Anxiety is a type of fear. Sometimes fear is merely the dread of some unknown that lurks out there. How do you conquer this type of fear? You isolate it, examine it closely, and understand what its made of. When you do this, youll soon find that the fear goes away. There are five common factors and feelings that make us avoid math. When we avoid it, we lose confidence and then start building up dread and fear. Lets confront the things that cause us to avoid math! Im Just Not Cut Out for Math Sound familiar? Actually, there is no such thing as a brain type that makes one person better than another at math. Yes, studies show that there are different brain types, but those types just concern your approach at problem solving. Your approach can be different from another students, but it can still be just as effective. One factor that affects math performance more than any other is confidence. Sometimes a stereotype can make us believe that we are naturally less capable than others. Studies have shown that math stereotypes are not true! Interestingly, studies do show that positive thinking can improve math performance. Basically, there are two things that you can do to really and truly improve your math performance: Dont accept stereotypes about mathThink positive thoughts. If you are smart at any skill at all, then you can be smart at math. If you are good at writing or foreign language, for instance, that proves you can be smart at math. Building Blocks Are  Missing This is a legitimate cause for anxiety. If you avoided math in lower grades or you just didnt pay enough attention in middle school, you may be feeling stressed out because you know your background is weak. There is good news. You can overcome this problem easily by skimming through a textbook that was written for a level slightly lower than your current class. First, youll be surprised at how much you do know. Secondly, youll find there are only a few skills you need to practice before youre completely caught up. And those skills will come easily! Want proof? Think about this: There are many, many adult students who start college after being out of class for ten and twenty years. They survive college algebra by brushing up quickly on forgotten (or never acquired) basic skills using old text books or a refresher course. Youre not as far behind as you think you are! Its never too late to catch up. Its Just So Boring! This is a false accusation. Many students who like the drama of literature or social studies may accuse math of being un-interesting. There are many mysteries in math and science! Mathematicians enjoy debating approaches to long-unsolved problems. From time to time, somebody will discover the solution to a problem that others have sought for years. Math poses challenges that can be amazingly gratifying to conquer. Additionally, there is a perfection to math that cant be found in many places on this earth. If you like mystery and drama, you can find it in the complexity of math. Think of math as a great mystery to solve. It Takes Too Much Time It is true that many people suffer real anxiety when it comes to setting aside a certain span of time and committing to it. This is one of the factors that often leads to procrastination, and it manifests in people of all ages. For example, many adults put off tasks when they know they will have to devote themselves completely for an hour or two. Perhaps, deep down, were afraid well miss out on something. There is just a certain amount of anxiety or fear that comes with stepping out of our life for an hour or two and focusing on one specific thing. This explains why some adults put off paying bills or doing odd jobs around the house. This is one of those fears that we can overcome, just by acknowledging it. Realize that its normal to resist devoting an hour of your thoughts to your math homework. Then simply think your way through your fear. Think about the other things in your life that youll need to set aside. Youll soon realize that can do without them all for an hour or two. Its Too Complex to Understand It is true that math involves some very complex formulas. Remember the process for overcoming any fear? Isolate it, examine it, and break it down into little parts. Thats exactly what you have to do in math. Every formula is made of little parts or skills and steps that youve learned in the past. Its a matter of building blocks. When you come across a formula or process that seems too complex, just break it down. If you find that youre a little weak on some of the concepts or steps that make up one element of the formula, then just go back and work on your building blocks.

Web Du Bois Soapstone - 717 Words

W.E.B. Du Bois SOAPSTone * Subject * In this text, W.E.B. Du Bois analyzes Booker T. Washington’s views on race in America. Du Bois acknowledges many of Washington’s accomplishments, such as how Washington began Tuskegee University and how Washington could cater to both the Northerners and the Southerners. On the contrary to praising him, Du Bois also subtly criticizes how Washington approaches dealing with racism. Washington believes that Blacks should be submissive rather than challenge the White people. Washington asks the Blacks to give up three things, political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education of Negro youth. Du Bois then goes on to show the results of Washington’s ideals, such as the†¦show more content†¦This topic is something that Du Bois personally feels passionate about, and because of this, he is able to write about it in this way. * Tone * Du Bois has a passionate and persuasive tone. He is trying to persuade the free Black men to be on his side and to not agree with Washington’s ideals. He speaks passionately because this is something that he truly cares about seeing a change in, and he tries to sway that audience towards his side of the

Review of BPR methodologies Free Essays

This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of using a methodology in the context of BPR. It also provides a critique of existing BPR methodologies which erved as a basis for the development of the CONDOR BPR methodology. The paper also presents the main points of the implementation of this methodology to three European construction companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of BPR methodologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now What can a methodology offer to the BPR field? According to Preece and Peppard (1996), a methodology is simply theory put into practice aiming at dealing with real world situations. According to Valiris and Glykas (1999) a BPR methodology should provide ‘ ‘a consistent set of techniques and guidelines which will enable the business process redesigner to reorganise business ctivities and processes in an organisation†. The use of a methodology is essential for a number of reasons. First, a methodology provides a means of codifying experience, knowledge and ideas, in a form that not only can be easily applied, but also can be evaluated and tested. Second, a methodology offers a certain level of organisation, and facilitates planning and monitoring. In BPR initiatives, a methodology enables the organisation, on the one hand, to have a clear picture of its current processes along with their associated problems and, on the other, to design the new state of these processes. In addition, by following a certain methodology, BPR re-engineers† have the opportunity to monitor and evaluate the progress of the re-engineering effort. Third, a methodology enables those who are involved or affected by the BPR to understand their tasks and clarify their roles. A BPR methodology which is clearly defined and explained to those who are leading the BPR work can facilitate the communication between them, and serve as a kind of ‘ ‘contract† in which all the parties understand their responsibilities and are, therefore, able to monitor the overall process re-engineering progress. Finally, adoption of a methodology allows a standard set of required skills to be identified and developed. Key skills required for BPR include process modelling, organisational development techniques, and skills to deal with resistance to change. There are, however, a number of problems related to the use of a methodology. One important reason which explains the reluctance of developing and using methodologies or models in the BPR context is that the widely accepted methodologies are based on how the business processes should change and how the organisation should adapt itself in this change, rather than on the evaluation of urrent practices and on the codification of successful practical experiences (Simsion, 1994). Moreover, the BPR literature search reveals that there are an increasing number of successful re-engineering implementations and case studies using BPR methodologies. Although each business situation has some unique characteristics, an appropriate methodology will need to allow tor assessment and re-use ot existing successful approaches and practical experiences. In addition, a methodology hides the danger of restraining creativity and innovation. The latter are crucial elements in he radical thinking during the re-engineering process. By encouraging those who are involved in the reengineering process to comply with the requirements of a given methodology, there is a potential risk of restricting the opportunity of optimising the results according to the level required by the methodology (Simsion,1994). Critique of existing BPR 239 240 In conclusion, there are many advantages and disadvantages regarding the use of a specific methodology or model in the re-engineering initiative. Each side demonstrates equally important arguments that affect the organisation. The lternative to using a methodology in an attempt to minimise the negative consequences is not anarchy but a contingency approach tailored to suit the objectives and needs of every organisation or business sector, building on basic principles of planning and monitoring as well as on previous successful working practices. Critique of existing BPR methodologies and models The are many BPR methodologies and models available, and most of them pursue a similar path and exhibit commonalities in key areas (Butler, 1994). Today, an increasing number of methodologies, models and tools taken from other disciplines re available in the market, claiming that they are suitable for BPR initiatives. Ruessmann et al. (1994) reported the results of their research, claiming that BPR methodologies are based on a synthesis of techniques drawn from other disciplines and methodologies such as soft systems, total quality management (TQM), benchmarking, and organisational development. According to a I-JK BPR methodology survey summary findings (Archer, 1996), the number of stages involved in BPR approaches varies greatly, despite the fact that they do present key similarities. How to cite Review of BPR methodologies, Papers

Data Warehouse in a Simple Language by Dirk Herreman

Question: Give a review on Data warehouse in a simple language by Dirk Herreman. Answer: Data warehouse is a vital source for converting the data into the information form which further can be used for making intelligent decisions (Herreman, 2016). He provides a strong base for the various techniques of data analysis. It is a useful source for accessing the information in a quick and easy manner. The success of any business depends on achieving the goal, and this process is incomplete without taking corrective decisions. The author has explained some key points related to the data warehouse. The first key point is related to the ease for creating the database. The size of the data warehouse varies from business to business and from industry to industry, and it depends on the size and the requirement of the organization. He has given guidance on choosing the right approach for establishing the data warehouse. Some organizations go for a huge database that is created in the centralized form. Some organizations create a small database, and some firms go for a combination of both types of databases a small as well as large database. It further depends on the data structure required by the firm. The second key term is that the data warehouse is different from the operational databases. In a data warehouse, firstly the data structure is created, and then an application is created from it. He explained that it varies from the operational database as in an operational database, firstly the application is established, and then data is entered into the created application. The third main point is related to the creation of data structure in the data warehouse. He mentioned that this task is impossible to perform without using the data model. (Herreman, 2016). It is important to choose the accurate data model and correct data modeling technique for creating successful data warehouse so that it helps in taking corrective decision. There are various data modeling methods like dimensional data modeling, E-R modeling, etc. He said that the dimensional modeling wa s not suitable for handling bulky data models. Conclusion and Recommendations: The author concludes that data warehouse provides the reliable information, and it provides the correct solutions for various issues. He concludes that it should be created by using the right method and right model (Herreman, 2016). He recommended various data analysis techniques, data models (like dimensional data modeling, E-R modeling), architecture, and he also guiding in choosing the right technique and right model depending on the size and requirement of the organization. The only drawback is that the reader required a complete knowledge of the Entity-Relationship model. Critique and Critical analysis: This book is a very useful source for the beginners. This book provides the information on models, data structures, implementation, administration, development, and maintenance of the data warehouse. The author gives a clear picture to the readers related to the uses of the data warehouse. Before going for reading this book, the reader must have knowledge related to the Entity-Relationship modeling. The author has also explained the concept of data marts, and the way it varies from the data warehouse. He guides various recommendations on choosing the accurate data model, and right data structure for creating the data warehouse. The author says that its supports different data structures. The data can be accessed in the form of files, logs, and tables. The author elaborates that it does not behave well in case of data analysis for historical data. He explained the concept that the vast amount of data scanning was needed in case of accessing the historic al data. It can cause impacts in a negative way on the operational application. The author has given suggestion also for handling this situation. He mentions that there should be a separate environment for handling the historical data as well as there should be a separate environment for handling the current data of the firm. It helps in reducing the conflicts between the information, and it also helps in increasing the performance of the overall system. In short, it is helpful in improving the operational environment of the company. The author says that the idea of warehouse starts form the concept of the relational database management system (Berghel, 2015). The author has also referred the reasons for creating this concept. He elaborates that it is created for handling the end user computing process. The quires are executed into the database by using SQL (Structured Query Language). He mentions that the concept of a data warehouse is generated to solve the following a query or is sue: the requirement for the computing system of the end user is different form the requirements of the system used for the transactional processing. The author has explained the various techniques of data analysis in a easy way. The different tools are the query, and reporting tool, data mining tool, and the other is multi-dimensional analysis tool (Li, 2013). He provides the result corresponding to the queries made by the users. The result is given in the form of patterns, or the book can be given in the form of clustering attributes, and it further used for data analysis and then, the decision is made by the data analysis. This book provides low level or beginner level material. I would suggest this book to the beginners, but it is not a fruitful source for advanced studies. This book is not a good for the industries working at large scale, but it is beneficial for the small scale companies, as it guides them in choosing the architecture for the creation of the data warehouse. Readers view: This is an interesting book, and I have also created a copy of this book on my system. This book is a good source for beginning level users as earlier I dont know about the concept of data warehouse, models, techniques, and architecture relate to it. After reading this book, I have understood the concept that how the data warehouse is a vital source in taking the accurate, and quick decisions. The author MS Raisinghani says about this article that there are various benefits of using this technology as application is created after the creation of data structure and it supports the population process in which the operational data, as well as the data from external systems, can be entered into the data warehouse (Raisinghani, 2016). It helps in event management by using the concept of the trigger. The trigger is executed whenever an event occurs in the system. It also maintains the log of changes and moreover, it provides the time stamp based capture which means it mention ed the time when the changes have been made in the system. I got an interesting concept that data warehouse is not a product, it is a solution. Before going through this book, I thought that it was a product or combination of different products. But, after going into the book, I realized that it is key to resolve various queries, and also the author says that it provides the capability for decision-making process (Doganaksoy, Hahn, 2012). The author Steve Hoberman has also given positive feedback on this book, and he says (through this book) that the data warehouse helps in resolving conflictions; it helps in eliminating various issues like data redundancy, data consistency, etc. (Hoberman, 2016). I get clarification on the various aspects as the author elaborates the process for entering the data into the data warehouse; he has also mentioned the data maintained, and data structure methods (Herreman, 2016). He says that it provides the timely, understandable, accurate, and complet e information. He mentioned that the only drawback of this technique is that it is costly, time- consuming, and inefficient method. He says that it is a costly process so it cant be managed, and maintained by the small scale companies as they invest fewer amounts on maintaining the database as compare to the large scale companies. References Berghel, H. (2015). Simplified integration of Prolog with RDBMS. SIGMIS Database, 16(3), 3-12. CACM Staff, (2011). How to celebrate Codd's RDBMS vision. Communications Of The ACM, 53(10), 7. Doganaksoy, N. Hahn, G. (2012). Data Mining: A Gateway to Better Data Gathering. Statistical Analysis Data Mining, 1(4), 280-283. Gmez, L., Kuijpers, B., Moelans, B., Vaisman, A. (2012). A Survey of Spatio-Temporal Hameed Mousa, A., Shiratuddin, N., Abu Bakar, M. (2014). Virtual Data Mart for Measuring Organizational Achievement Using Data Virtualization Technique (KPIVDM). Jurnal Teknologi, 68(3). Herreman, D. (2016). Data modeling Techniques for Data Warehousing. IBM. Retrieved 13 June 2016, Hoberman, S. (2016). Data modeling techniques explained: How to get the most from your data. Retrieved 15 June 2016 Li, d. (2013). RESEARCH ON DATA MART AND DATA MINING OF WELDING WORKSHOP. Chinese Journal Of Mechanical Engineering, 39(04), 79. Marketos, G., Theodoridis, Y., Kalogeras, I. (2011). Seismological Data Warehousing and Mining. International Journal Of Data Warehousing And Mining, 4(1), 1-16. Naeem, M., Dobbie, G., Weber, G. (2011). HYBRIDJOIN for Near-Real-Time Data Warehousing. International Journal Of Data Warehousing And Mining, 7(4), 21-42. Raisinghani, M. (2016). Adapting Data Modeling Techniques for Data Warehouse Design. Retrieved 15 June 2016 Schuppert, A. Perne, R. (2015). Data Mining mit Prozessdaten (Data Mining with Process Data). At - Automatisierungstechnik, 53(7/2005). Thnh,  . (2012). Macroeconomic data mart. JCC, 24(1). Wegman, E. (2012). Special issue of statistical analysis and data mining. Statistical Analysis And Data Mining, 5(3), 177-177.